Antimicrobial wipes

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to an antimicrobial wipe comprising a porous or absorbent sheet impregnated with an antimicrobial cleansing composition, wherein the antimicrobial cleansing composition comprises from about 0.001% to about 5.0%, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition, of an antimicrobial active; from about 0.05% to about 10%, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition, of an anionic surfactant; from about 0.1% to about 10%, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition, of a proton donating agent; and from about 3% to about 99.85%, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition, water; wherein the composition is adjusted to a pH of from about 3.0 to about 6.0. The invention also encompasses methods for cleansing skin, reducing the number of germs on the skin, and providing residual effectiveness versus Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria using these products.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to cleansing wipes comprising absorbent sheets impregnated with antimicrobial cleansing compositions. These cleansing wipes provide enhanced antimicrobial effectiveness compared to prior art compositions. Specifically, the cleansing wipe personal cleansing compositions of the invention provide previously unseen residual effectiveness against transient Gram negative bacteria, improved residual effectiveness against Gram positive bacteria and improved immediate reduction of germs upon use.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Human health is impacted by many microbial entities. Inoculation by viruses and bacteria cause a wide variety of sicknesses and ailments. Media attention to cases of food poisoning, strep infections, and the like is increasing public awareness of microbial issues.

It is well known that the washing of hard surfaces, food (e.g. fruit or vegetables) and skin, especially the hands, with antimicrobial or non-medicated soap, can remove many viruses and bacteria from the washed surfaces. Removal of the viruses and bacteria is due to the surfactancy of the soap and the mechanical action of the wash procedure. Therefore, it is known and recommended that the people wash frequently to reduce the spread of viruses and bacteria.

Bacteria found on the skin can be divided into two groups: resident and transient bacteria. Resident bacteria are Gram positive bacteria which are established as permanent microcolonies on the surface and outermost layers of the skin and play an important, helpful role in preventing the colonization of other, more harmful bacteria and fungi.

Transient bacteria are bacteria which are not part of the normal resident flora of the skin, but can be deposited when airborne contaminated material lands on the skin or when contaminated material is brought into physical contact with it. Transient bacteria are typically divided into two subclasses: Gram positive and Gram negative. Gram positive bacteria include pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Clostridium botulinum. Gram negative bacteria include pathogens such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Haemophilus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus and Shigella dysenteriae. Gram negative bacteria are generally distinguished from Gram positive by an additional protective cell membrane which generally results in the Gram negative bacteria being less susceptible to topical antibacterial actives.

Antimicrobial cleansing products have been marketed in a variety of forms for some time. Forms include deodorant soaps, hard surface cleaners, and surgical disinfectants. These traditional rinse-off antimicrobial products have been formulated to provide bacteria removal during washing. The antimicrobial soaps have also been shown to provide a residual effectiveness against Gram positive bacteria, but limited residual effectiveness versus Gram negative bacteria. By residual effectiveness it is meant that bacteria growth on a surface is controlled for some period of time following the washing/rinsing process. Antimicrobial liquid cleansers are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.: 4,847,072, Bissett et al., issued Jul. 11, 1989, U.S. Pat. No. 4,939,284, Degenhardt, issued Jul. 3, 1990 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,820,698, Degenhardt, issued Apr. 11, 1989, all patents being incorporate herein by reference.

Some of these traditional products, especially the hard surface cleaners and surgical disinfectants, utilize high levels of alcohol and/or harsh surfactants which have been shown to dry out and irritate skin tissues. Ideal personal cleansers should gently cleanse the skin, cause little or no irritation, and not leave the skin overly dry after frequent use and preferably should provide a moisturizing benefit to the skin.

Finally, these traditional antimicrobial compositions have been developed for use in a washing process with water. This limits their use to locations with available water.

Cleansing wipes have been used, in the past, to wash hands and face while traveling or in public or anytime water is not available. In fact, consumers have used absorbent sheets impregnated with topical compositions for a variety of purposes. U.S. Pat. No. 4,045,364, Richter, et al., issued Aug. 30, 1977 teaches a dry disposable paper impregnated with a germicidal composition comprising an anionic surfactant, an elemental iodine or iodophor active ingredient and a weak acid for pH adjustment. The compositions utilize iodine actives which are not stable in the presence of substantial amounts of water and insufficient acid levels to provide the improved removal and residual effectiveness versus Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. European Patent Application, EP 0 619 074, Touchet et al., published Oct. 12, 1994, teaches the use of sorbic or benzoic acids as antimicrobial agents in a wipe, however does not teach the anionic surfactant and separate antimicrobial active necessary to achieve the residual effectiveness of the present invention. U.S. Pat. No. 4,975,217, Brown-Skrobot et al., issued Dec. 4, 1990 teaches the use of anionic surfactants and organic acids on a wipe, however does not teach the use of the active required to provide the improved residual effectiveness benefits.

Currently marketed Nice'n Clean®, Wash'n Dry® and No More Germies® are all antibacterial wipes which utilize harsh cationic surfactants with no additional antibacterial active. These products do not provide the residual effectiveness versus Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria and the improved germ reduction upon use, and are harsh to the skin.

PCT application WO 92/18100, Keegan et al., published Oct. 29, 1992 and PCT application WO 95/32705, Fujiwara et al., published Dec. 7, 1995 teach non-wipe liquid skin cleansers comprising mild surfactants, antibacterial agents and acidic compounds to buffer the pH, which provide improved germ hostility. However, the use of the acid compounds for only pH adjustment therein, results in compositions which do not deliver the undissociated acid required to provide improved antimicrobial benefits. This situation is compounded in Keegan and Fujiwara by the preference of mild surfactants, including nonionic surfactants. Neither Keegan nor Fujiwara teach the use of their compositions in a form which can be used without available water, e.g. a wipe.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,141,821, issued to Compeau, Jul. 21, 1964 and Irgasan DP 300 (Triclosan®) technical literature from Ciba-Giegy, Inc., “Basic Formulation for Hand Disinfection 89/42/01” set forth antibacterial skin cleanser compositions which could provide improved antibacterial effectiveness using certain anionic surfactants, anti-microbial actives and acids. However, the selection of highly active surfactants results in personal cleansing compositions which are drying and harsh to the skin. Again, neither reference teaches the use of antimicrobial compositions in a form which can be used without available water, e.g. a wipe.

Given the severe health impacts of bacteria like Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Shigella, it would be highly desirable to formulate antimicrobial cleansing products which provides improved reduction of these germs on the skin and improved residual effectiveness versus these transient bacteria, which are mild to the skin and which can be used without water. Existing products have been unable to deliver all of these benefits.

Applicants have found that antimicrobial wipes which provide such mildness and antimicrobial benefits can be formulated by using known porous or absorbent sheets which are impregnated with improved antimicrobial cleansing compositions. These improved antimicrobial cleansing compositions contain antibacterial actives in combination with specific organic and/or inorganic acids as proton donating agents, and specific anionic surfactants, all of which are deposited on the skin. The deposited proton donating agent and anionic surfactant enhance the selected active, to provide a new level of hostility to bacteria contacting the skin.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an antimicrobial wipe comprising a porous or absorbent sheet impregnated with an antimicrobial cleansing composition, wherein the antimicrobial cleansing composition comprises from about 0.001% to about 5.0%, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition, of an antimicrobial active; from about 0.05% to about 10%, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition, of an anionic surfactant; from about 0.1% to about 10%, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition, of a proton donating agent; and from about 3% to about 99.85%, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition, water; wherein the composition is adjusted to a pH of from about 3.0 to about 6.0. The present invention also relates to methods for cleansing, reducing the number of germs on the skin, and decreasing the spread of transient Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria using the antimicrobial wipes described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The antimicrobial wipes of the present invention are highly efficacious for providing improved germ reduction, and residual antimicrobial effectiveness versus transient bacteria, are mild to the skin and can be used without additional available water.

The term “antimicrobial wipe” is used herein to mean products in which a sheet of porous or absorbent material have been impregnated with an antimicrobial cleansing composition for the purpose of rubbing the wipe product over a surface to clean the surface and control the growth and viability of transient bacteria. The term “antimicrobial cleansing composition” as used herein means a composition suitable for application to the human skin for the purpose of removing dirt, oil and the like, which additionally controls the growth and viability of transient bacteria on the skin.

The compositions of the present invention can also be useful for treatment of acne. As used herein “treating acne” means preventing, retarding and/or arresting the process of acne formation in mammalian skin.

The compositions of the invention can also potentially be useful for providing an essentially immediate (i.e., acute) visual improvement in skin appearance following application of the composition to the skin. More particularly, the compositions of the present invention are useful for regulating skin condition, including regulating visible and/or tactile discontinuities in skin, including but not limited to visible and/or tactile discontinuities in skin texture and/or color, more especially discontinuities associated with skin aging. Such discontinuities may be induced or caused by internal and/or external factors. Extrinsic factors include ultraviolet radiation (e.g., from sun exposure), environmental pollution, wind, heat, low humidity, harsh surfactants, abrasives, and the like. Intrinsic factors include chronological aging and other biochemical changes from within the skin.

Regulating skin condition includes prophylactically and/or therapeutically regulating skin condition. As used herein, prophylactically regulating skin condition includes delaying, minimizing and/or preventing visible and/or tactile discontinuities in skin. As used herein, therapeutically regulating skin condition includes ameliorating, e.g., diminishing, minimizing and/or effacing, such discontinuities. Regulating skin condition involves improving skin appearance and/or feel, e.g., providing a smoother, more even appearance and/or feel. As used herein, regulating skin condition includes regulating signs of aging. “Regulating signs of skin aging” includes prophylactically regulating and/or therapeutically regulating one or more of such signs (similarly, regulating a given sign of skin aging, e.g., lines, wrinkles or pores, includes prophylactically regulating and/or therapeutically regulating that sign).

“Signs of skin aging” include, but are not limited to, all outward visibly and tactilely perceptible manifestations as well as any other macro or micro effects due to skin aging. Such signs may be induced or caused by intrinsic factors or extrinsic factors, e.g., chronological aging and/or environmental damage. These signs may result from processes which include, but are not limited to, the development of textural discontinuities such as wrinkles, including both fine superficial wrinkles and coarse deep wrinkles, skin lines, crevices, bumps, large pores (e.g., associated with adnexal structures such as sweat gland ducts, sebaceous glands, or hair follicles), scaliness, flakiness and/or other forms of skin unevenness or roughness, loss of skin elasticity (loss and/or inactivation of functional skin elastin), sagging (including puffiness in the eye area and jowls), loss of skin firmness, loss of skin tightness, loss of skin recoil from deformation, discoloration (including undereye circles), blotching, sallowness, hyperpigmented skin regions such as age spots and freckles, keratoses, abnormal differentiation, hyperkeratinization, elastosis, collagen breakdown, and other histological changes in the stratum corneum, dermis, epidermis, the skin vascular system (e.g., telangiectasia or spider vessels), and underlying tissues, especially those proximate to the skin.

All percentages and ratios used herein, unless otherwise indicated, are by weight and all measurements made are at 25° C., unless otherwise designated. The invention hereof can comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of, the essential as well as optional ingredients and components described therein.

The antimicrobial wipes of the present invention comprise the following essential components.

A. The Porous or Absorbent Sheet

The antimicrobial cleansing composition is impregnated at the desired weight onto one or both sides of an absorbent sheet (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “substrate”) which may be formed from any woven or nonwoven fiber, fiber mixture or foam of sufficient wet strength and absorbency to hold an effective amount of the antimicrobial cleansing composition. It is preferred from the standpoint of antimicrobial effectiveness and mildness to employ substrates with a high absorbent capacity (e.g., from about 5 to about 20 grams/gram, preferably from about 9 to about 20 grams/gram). The absorbent capacity of a substrate is the ability of the substrate, while supported horizontally, to hold liquid. The absorbent capacity of a substrate is measured according to the Absorbent Capacity Method set forth hereinafter in the Analytical Methods section.

In particular, woven or nonwoven fabrics derived from “oriented” or carded fibrous webs composed of textile-length fibers, the major proportion of which are oriented predominantly in one direction are suitable for use herein. These fabrics can be in the form of, for example, wipes or towelettes, including baby wipes and the like.

Methods of making woven and nonwoven cloths are not a part of this invention and, being well known in the art, are not described in detail herein. Generally, however, such cloths are made by air- or water-laying processes in which the fibers or filaments are first cut to desired lengths from long strands, passed into a water or air stream, and then deposited onto a screen through which the fiber-laden air or water is passed. The deposited fibers or filaments are then adhesively bonded together, and otherwise treated as desired to form the woven, nonwoven, or cellulose cloth.

Thermocarded nonwoven cloths (whether or not resin-containing) are made of polyesters, polyamides, or other thermoplastic fibers which can be spand bonded, i.e., the fibers are spun out onto a flat surface and bonded (melted) together by heat or chemical reactions.

The nonwoven cloth substrates used in the invention herein are generally adhesively bonded fibers or filamentous products having a web or carded fiber structure (when the fiber strength is suitable to allow carding) or comprising fibrous mats in which the fibers or filaments are distributed haphazardly or in random array (i.e., an array of fibers in a carded web where partial orientation of the fibers is frequently present, as well as a completely haphazard distributional orientation), or substantially aligned. The fibers or filaments can be natural (e.g., wool, silk, jute, hemp, cotton, linen, sisal, or ramie) or synthetic (e.g., rayon, cellulose ester, polyvinyl derivatives, polyolethins, polyamides, or polyesters) as have been described hereinabove. These nonwoven materials are generally described in Riedel “Nonwoven Bonding Methods and Materials”, Nonwoven World, (1987).

The absorbent properties preferred herein are particularly easy to obtain with nonwoven cloths and are provided merely by building up the thickness of the cloth, i.e., by superimposing a plurality of carded webs or mats to a thickness adequate to obtain the necessary absorbent properties, or by allowing a sufficient thickness of the fibers to deposit on the screen. Any denier of the fiber (generally up to about 15 denier) can be used, inasmuch as it is the free space between each fiber that makes the thickness of the cloth directly related to the absorbent capacity of the cloth. Thus, any thickness necessary to obtain the required absorbent capacity can be used.

B. The Antimicrobial Cleansing Composition

The absorbent sheets used in the present invention are impregnated with an antimicrobial cleansing composition. The term “antimicrobial cleansing composition” as used herein means a composition suitable for application to a surface for the purpose of removing dirt, oil and the like which additionally controls the growth and viability of transient bacteria. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are cleansing compositions suitable for use on the human skin.

I. Ingredients

The antimicrobial cleansing compositions of the wipes of the present invention comprise an antimicrobial active, an anionic surfactant, and a proton donating agent. Each of these ingredients is described in detail as follows.

The Antimicrobial Active

The antimicrobial cleansing composition of the antimicrobial wipes of the present invention comprises from about 0.001% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.05% to about 2%, and more preferably from about 0.1% to about 1%, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition, of an antimicrobial active. The exact amount of antibacterial active to be used in the compositions will depend on the particular active utilized since actives vary in potency. Non-cationic actives are required in order to avoid interaction with the anionic surfactants of the invention.

Given below are examples of non-cationic antimicrobial agents which are useful in the present invention.

Pyrithiones, especially the zinc complex (ZPT)

Octopirox® (Pinictone olamine)

Dimethyidimethylol Hydantoin (Glydant®)

MethyIchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (Kathon CG®)

Sodium Sulfite

Sodium Bisulfite

Imidazolidinyl Urea (Germall 115®)

Diazolidinyl Urea (Germall II®)

Benzyl Alcohol

2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (Bronopol®)

Formalin (formaldehyde)

Iodopropenyl Butylcarbamate (Polyphase P100®)

Chloroacetamide

Methanamine

Methyidibromonitrile Glutaronitrile (1,2-Dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane or Tektamer®)

Glutaraldehyde

5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane (Bronidox®)

Phenethyl Alcohol

o-Phenylphenol/sodium o-phenylphenol

Sodium Hydroxymethylglycinate (Suttocide A®)

Polymethoxy Bicyclic Oxazolidine (Nuosept C®)

Dimethoxane

Thimersal

Dichlorobenzyl Alcohol

Captan

Chlorphenenesin

Dichlorophene

Chlorbutanol

Glyceryl Laurate

Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers

2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxy-diphenyl ether (Triclosan or TCS)

2,2′-dihydroxy-5,5′-dibromo-diphenyl ether

Phenolic Compounds

Phenol

2-Methyl Phenol

3-Methyl Phenol

4-Methyl Phenol

4-Ethyl Phenol

2,4-Dimethyl Phenol

2,5-Dimethyl Phenol

3,4-Dimethyl Phenol

2,6-Dimethyl Phenol

4-n-Propyl Phenol

4-n-Butyl Phenol

4-n-Amyl Phenol

4-tert-Amyl Phenol

4-n-Hexyl Phenol

4-n-Heptyl Phenol

Mono- and Poly-Alkyl and Aromatic Halophenols

p-Chlorophenol

Methyl p-Chlorophenol

Ethyl p-Chlorophenol

n-Propyl p-Chlorophenol

n-Butyl p-Chlorophenol

n-Amyl p-Chlorophenol

sec-Amyl p-Chlorophenol

n-Hexyl p-Chlorophenol

Cyclohexyl p-Chlorophenol

n-Heptyl p-Chlorophenol

n-Octyl p-Chlorophenol

o-Chlorophenol

Methyl o-Chlorophenol

Ethyl o-Chlorophenol

n-Propyl o-Chlorophenol

n-Butyl o-Chlorophenol

n-Amyl o-Chlorophenol

tert-Amyl o-Chlorophenol

n-Hexyl o-Chlorophenol

n-Heptyl o-Chlorophenol

o-Benzyl p-Chlorophenol

o-Benxyl-m-methyl p-Chlorophenol

o-Benzyl-m, m-dimethyl p-Chlorophenol

o-Phenylethyl p-Chlorophenol

o-Phenylethyl-m-methyl p-Chlorophenol

3-Methyl p-Chlorophenol

3,5-Dimethyl p-Chlorophenol

6-Ethyl-3-methyl p-Chlorophenol

6-n-Propyl-3-methyl p-Chlorophenol

6-iso-Propyl-3-methyl p-Chlorophenol

2-Ethyl-3,5-dimethyl p-Chlorophenol

6-sec-Butyl-3-methyl p-Chlorophenol

2-iso-Propyl-3,5-dimethyl p-Chlorophenol

6-Diethylmethyl-3-methyl p-Chlorophenol

6- iso-Propyl-2-ethyl-3-methyl p-Chlorophenol

2-sec-Amyl-3,5-dimethyl p-Chlorophenol

2-Diethylmethyl-3,5-dimethyl p-Chlorophenol

6-sec-Octyl-3-methyl p-Chlorophenol

p-Chloro-m-cresol

p-Bromophenol

Methyl p-Bromophenol

Ethyl p-Bromophenol

n-Propyl p-Bromophenol

n-Butyl p-Bromophenol

n-Amyl p-Bromophenol

sec-Amyl p-Bromophenol

n-Hexyl p-Bromophenol

Cyclohexyl p-Bromophenol

o-Bromophenol

tert-Amyl o-Bromophenol

n-Hexyl o-Bromophenol

n-Propyl-m,m-Dimethyl o-Bromophenol

2-Phenyl Phenol

4-Chloro-2-methyl phenol

4-Chloro-3-methyl phenol

4-Chloro-3,5-dimethyl phenol

2,4-Dichloro-3,5-dimethylphenol

3,4,5,6-Terabromo-2-methylphenol

5-Methyl-2-pentylphenol

4-Isopropyl-3-methylphenol

Para-chloro-meta-xylenol (PCMX)

Chlorothymol

Phenoxyethanol

Phenoxyisopropanol

5-Chloro-2-hydroxydiphenylmethane

Resorcinol and its Derivatives

Resorcinol

Methyl Resorcinol

Ethyl Resorcinol

n-Propyl Resorcinol

n-Butyl Resorcinol

n-Amyl Resorcinol

n-Hexyl Resorcinol

n-Heptyl Resorcinol

n-Octyl Resorcinol

n-Nonyl Resorcinol

Phenyl Resorcinol

Benzyl Resorcinol

Phenylethyl Resorcinol

Phenylpropyl Resorcinol

p-Chlorobenzyl Resorcinol

5-Chloro 2,4-Dihydroxydiphenyl Methane

4′-Chloro 2,4-Dihydroxydiphenyl Methane

5-Bromo 2,4-Dihydroxydiphenyl Methane

4′-Bromo 2,4-Dihydroxydiphenyl Methane

Bisphenolic Compounds

2,2′-Methylene bis (4-chlorophenol)

2,2′-Methylene bis (3,4,6-trichlorophenol)

2,2′-Methylene bis (4-chloro-6-bromophenol)

bis (2-hydroxy-3,5-dichlorophenyl) sulphide

bis (2-hydroxy-5-chlorobenzyl)sulphide

Benzoic Esters (Parabens)

Methylparaben

Propylparaben

Butylparaben

Ethylparaben

Isopropylparaben

Isobutylparaben

Benzylparaben

Sodium Methylparaben

Sodium Propylparaben

Halogenated Carbanilides

3,4,4′-Trichlorocarbanilides (Triclocarban or TCC)

3-Trifluoromethyl-4,4′-dichlorocarbanilide

3,3′,4-Trichlorocarbanilide

Another class of antibacterial agents, which are useful in the present invention, are the so-called “natural” antibacterial actives, referred to as natural essential oils. These actives derive their names from their natural occurrence in plants. Typical natural essential oil antibacterial actives include oils of anise, lemon, orange, rosemary, wintergreen, thyme, lavender, cloves, hops, tea tree, citronella, wheat, barley, lemongrass, cedar leaf, cedarwood, cinnamon, fleagrass, geranium, sandalwood, violet, cranberry, eucalyptus, vervain, peppermint, gum benzoin, basil, fennel, fir, balsam, menthol, ocmea origanum, Hydastis carradensis, Berberidaceae daceae, Ratanhiae and Curcuma longa. Also included in this class of natural essential oils are the key chemical components of the plant oils which have been found to provide the antimicrobial benefit. These chemicals include, but are not limited to anethol, catechole, camphene, carvacol, eugenol, eucalyptol, ferulic acid, farnesol, hinokitiol, tropolone, limonene, menthol, methyl salicylate, thymol, terpineol, verbenone, berberine, ratanhiae extract, caryophellene oxide, citronellic acid, curcumin, nerolidol and geraniol.

Additional active agents are antibacterial metal salts. This class generally includes salts of metals in groups 3b-7b, 8 and 3a-5a. Specifically are the salts of aluminum, zirconium, zinc, silver, gold, copper, lanthanum, tin, mercury, bismuth, selenium, strontium, scandium, yttrium, cerium, praseodymiun, neodymium, promethum, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and mixtures thereof.

Preferred antimicrobial agents for use herein are the broad spectrum actives selected from the group consisting of Triclosan®, Triclocarban®, Octopirox®, PCMX, ZPT, natural essential oils and their key ingredients, and mixtures thereof. The most preferred antimicrobial active for use in the present invention is Triclosan®.

Anionic Surfactant

The antimicrobial cleansing compositions of the present invention comprise from about 0.05% to about 10, preferably from about 0.1 to about 4%, and more preferably from about 0.2% to about 1%, by weight of the cleansing composition, of an anionic surfactant. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that the anionic surfactant disrupts the lipid in the cell membrane of the bacteria. The particular acid used herein reduces the negative charges on the cell wall of the bacteria, crosses through the cell membrane, weakened by the surfactant, and acidifies the cytoplasm of the bacteria. The antimicrobial active can then pass more easily through the weakened cell wall, and more efficiently poison the bacteria.

Nonlimiting examples of anionic lathering surfactants useful in the compositions of the present invention are disclosed in McCutcheon's, Detergents and Emulsifiers, North American edition (1990), published by The Manufacturing Confectioner Publishing Co.; McCutcheon's, Functional Materials, North American Edition (1992); and U.S. Pat. No. 3,929,678, to Laughlin et al., issued Dec. 30, 1975, all of which are incorporated by reference.

A wide variety of anionic surfactants are potentially useful herein. Nonlimiting examples of anionic lathering surfactants include those selected from the group consisting of alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates, sulfated monoglycerides, sulfonated olefins, alkyl aryl sulfonates, primary or secondary alkane sulfonates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, acyl taurates, acyl isethionates, alkyl glycerylether sulfonate, sulfonated methyl esters, sulfonated fatty acids, alkyl phosphates, acyl glutamates, acyl sarcosinates, alkyl sulfoacetates, acylated peptides, alkyl ether carboxylates, acyl lactylates, anionic fluorosurfactants, and mixtures thereof. Mixtures of anionic surfactants can be used effectively in the present invention.

Anionic surfactants for use in the cleansing compositions include alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates. These materials have the respective formulae R¹O—SO₃M and R¹(CH₂H₄O)_(x)—O—SO₃M, wherein R¹ is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl group from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, x is 1 to 10, and M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine. The alkyl sulfates are typically made by the sulfation of monohydric alcohols (having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms) using sulfur trioxide or other known sulfation technique. The alkyl ether sulfates are typically made as condensation products of ethylene oxide and monohydric alcohols (having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms) and then sulfated. These alcohols can be derived from fats, e.g., coconut oil or tallow, or can be synthetic. Specific examples of alkyl sulfates which may be used in the cleanser compositions are sodium, ammonium, potassium, magnesium, or TEA salts of lauryl or myristyl sulfate. Examples of alkyl ether sulfates which may be used include ammonium, sodium, magnesium, or TEA laureth-3 sulfate.

Another suitable class of anionic surfactants are the sulfated monoglycerides of the form R¹CO—O—CH₂—C(OH)H—CH₂—O—SO₃M, wherein R¹ is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl group from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine. These are typically made by the reaction of glycerin with fatty acids (having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms) to form a monoglyceride and the subsequent sulfation of this monoglyceride with sulfur trioxide. An example of a sulfated monoglyceride is sodium cocomonoglyceride sulfate.

Other suitable anionic surfactants include olefin sulfonates of the form R¹SO₃M, wherein R¹ is a mono-olefin having from about 12 to about 24 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine. These compounds can be produced by the sulfonation of alpha olefins by means of uncomplexed sulfur trioxide, followed by neutralization of the acid reaction mixture in conditions such that any sultones which have been formed in the reaction are hydrolyzed to give the corresponding hydroxyalkanesulfonate. An example of a sulfonated olefin is sodium C₁₄/C₁₆ alpha olefin sulfonate.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are the linear alkylbenzene sulfonates of the form R¹—C₆H₄—SO₃M, wherein R¹ is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl group from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine. These are formed by the sulfonation of linear alkyl benzene with sulfur trioxide. An example of this anionic surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.

Still other anionic surfactants suitable for this cleansing composition include the primary or secondary alkane sulfonates of the form R¹SO₃M, wherein R¹ is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl chain from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine. These are commonly formed by the sulfonation of paraffins using sulfur dioxide in the presence of chlorine and ultraviolet light or another known sulfonation method. The sulfonation can occur in either the secondary or primary positions of the alkyl chain. An example of an alkane sulfonate useful herein is alkali metal or ammonium C₁₃-C₁₇ paraffin sulfonates.

Still other suitable anionic surfactants are the alkyl sulfosuccinates, which include disodium N-octadecylsulfosuccinamate; diammonium lauryl sulfosuccinate; tetrasodium N-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-N-octadecylsulfosuccinate; diamyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinic acid; dihexyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinic acid; and dioctyl esters of sodium sulfosuccinic acid.

Also useful are taurates which are based on taurine, which is also known as 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid. Examples of taurates include N-alkyltaurines such as the one prepared by reacting dodecylamine with sodium isethionate according to the teaching of U.S. Pat. No. 2,658,072 which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Other examples based of taurine include the acyl taurines formed by the reaction of n-methyl taurine with fatty acids (having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms).

Another class of anionic surfactants suitable for use in the cleansing composition are the acyl isethionates. The acyl isethionates typically have the formula R¹CO—O—CH₂CH₂SO₃M wherein R¹ is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl group having from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms, and M is a cation. These are typically formed by the reaction of fatty acids (having from about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms) with an alkali metal isethionate. Nonlimiting examples of these acyl isethionates include ammonium cocoyl isethionate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, sodium lauroyl isethionate, and mixtures thereof.

Still other suitable anionic surfactants are the alkylglyceryl ether sulfonates of the form R¹—OCH₂—C(OH)H—CH₂—SO₃M, wherein R¹ is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl group from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine. These can be formed by the reaction of epichlorohydrin and sodium bisulfite with fatty alcohols (having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms) or other known methods. One example is sodium cocoglyceryl ether sulfonate.

Other suitable anionic surfactants include the sulfonated fatty acids of the form R¹—CH(SO₄)—COOH and sulfonated methyl esters of the from R¹—CH(SO₄)—CO—O—CH₃, where R¹ is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl group from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms. These can be formed by the sulfonation of fatty acids or alkyl methyl esters (having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms) with sulfur trioxide or by another known sulfonation technique. Examples include alpha sulphonated coconut fatty acid and lauryl methyl ester.

Other anionic materials include phosphates such as monoalkyl, dialkyl, and trialkylphosphate salts formed by the reaction of phosphorous pentoxide with monohydric branched or unbranched alcohols having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms. These could also be formed by other known phosphation methods. An example from this class of surfactants is sodium mono or dilaurylphosphate.

Other anionic materials include acyl glutamates corresponding to the formula R¹CO—N(COOH)—CH₂CH₂—CO₂M wherein R¹ is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl or alkenyl group of about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble cation. Nonlimiting examples of which include sodium lauroyl glutamate and sodium cocoyl glutamate.

Other anionic materials include alkanoyl sarcosinates corresponding to the formula R¹CON(CH₃)—CH₂CH₂—CO₂M wherein R¹ is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl or alkenyl group of about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble cation. Nonlimiting examples of which include sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium cocoyl sarcosinate, and ammonium lauroyl sarcosinate.

Other anionic materials include alkyl ether carboxylates corresponding to the formula R¹—(OCH₂CH₂)_(x)—OCH₂—CO₂M wherein R¹ is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl or alkenyl group of about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, x is 1 to 10, and M is a water-soluble cation. Nonlimiting examples of which include sodium laureth carboxylate.

Other anionic materials include acyl lactylates corresponding to the formula R¹CO—[O—CH(CH₃)—CO]_(x)—CO₂M wherein R¹ is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl or alkenyl group of about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, x is 3, and M is a water-soluble cation. Nonlimiting examples of which include sodium cocoyl lactylate.

Other anionic materials include the carboxylates, nonlimiting examples of which include sodium lauroyl carboxylate, sodium cocoyl carboxylate, and ammonium lauroyl carboxylate. Anionic flourosurfactants can also be used.

Any counter cation, M, can be used on the anionic surfactant. Preferably the counter cation is selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, ammonium, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine. More preferably the counter cation is ammonium.

Nonlimiting examples of preferred anionic surfactants useful herein include those selected from the group consisting of sodium and ammonium alkyl sulfates and ether sulfates having chain lengths of predominantly 12 and 14 carbon atoms, olefin sulfates having chain lengths of predominantly 14 and 16 carbon atoms, and paraffin sulfonates having chain lengths of from 13 to 17 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof. More preferred for use herein is ammonium and sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium and sodium myristyl sulfate, ammonium and sodium laureth-1 to laureth-4 sulfate, C14-C16 olefin sulfonates, C13-C17 paraffin sulfonates, and mixtures thereof. Most preferred is ammonium lauryl sulfate.

Another class of preferred anionic surfactants consist of surfactants which have a pKa of greater than 4.0. These acidic surfactants include the group consisting of acyl sarcosinates, acyl glutamates, alkyl ether carboxylates and mixtures thereof. Acidic surfactants have been found to be a more efficacious surfactant. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that these surfactants provide both the acid and anionic surfactant benefit in one component. Antimicrobial wipes comprising these acidic surfactants provide better antimicrobial efficacy than other surfactants. Their acidic property also allows to the use of less separate proton donating agent, which even further improves the mildness of the antimicrobial cleansing compositions herein. When used, the acidic surfactants are used in the cleansing compositions herein at levels from about 0.1% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.2% to about 8%, more preferably from about 0.3% to about 5%, even more preferably from about 0.4% to about 2%, and most preferably from about 0.5% to about 1%.

Non-anionic surfactants of the group consisting of nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants and mixtures thereof, have been found to actually inhibit residual effectiveness benefits. It is believed that these surfactants interfere with the anionic surfactant disruption of the lipid in the cell membrane. The ratio of the amount of these non-anionic surfactants to the amount of anionic surfactant should be less than 1:1, preferably less than 1:2, and more preferably less than 1:4 in the compositions herein.

The antimicrobial cleansing compositions of the present invention preferably do not comprise hydrotropic sulfonates, particularly salts of terpenoids, or mono- or binuclear aromatic compounds such as sulfonates of camphor, toluene, xylene, cumene and naphthene.

Proton Donating Agent

The antimicrobial cleansing compositions of the present invention comprise from about 0.1% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 8%, more preferably from about 1% to about 5%, based on the weight of the personal cleansing composition, of a proton donating agent. By “proton donating agent” it is meant any acid compound or mixture thereof, which results in undissociated acid on the skin after use. Proton donating agents can be organic acids, including polymeric acids, mineral acids or mixtures thereof.

Organic Acids

Proton donating agents which are organic acids which remain at least partially undissociated in the neat composition. These organic proton donating agents can be added directly to the composition in the acid form or can be formed by adding the conjugate base of the desired acid and a sufficient amount of a separate acid strong enough to form the undissociated acid from the base.

Buffering Capacity

Preferred organic proton donating agents are selected and formulated based on their buffer capacity and pKa. Buffer capacity is defined as the amount of protons (weight %) available in the formulation at the product pH for those acid groups with pKa's less than about 6.0. Buffer capacity can be either calculated using pKa's, pH, and the concentrations of the acids and conjugate bases, ignoring any pKa greater than 6.0, or it can be determined experimentally through a simple acid-base titration using sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide using an endpoint of pH equals 6.0.

Preferred organic proton donating agents of the antibacterial cleansing composition herein have a buffer capacity of greater than about 0.005%, more preferably greater than about 0.01%, even more preferably greater than about 0.02%, and most preferably greater than about 0.04%.

Mineral Acids

Proton donating agents which are mineral acids will not remain undissociated in the neat composition. Despite this, it has been found that mineral acids can be effective proton donating agents for use herein. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that the strong mineral acid, acidify the carboxylic and phosphatidyl groups in proteins of the skin cells, thereby providing in-situ undissociated acid. These proton donating agents can only be added directly to the composition in the acid form.

pH

It is critical to achieving the benefits of the invention that the undissociated acid from the proton donating agent (deposited or formed in-situ) remain on the skin in the protonated form. Therefore, the pH of the antimicrobial cleansing compositions of the present invention must be adjusted to a sufficiently low level in order to either form or deposit substantial undissociated acid on the skin. The pH of the compositions should be adjusted and preferably buffered to range from about 3.0 to about 6.0, preferably from about 3.5 to about 5.0 and more preferably from about 3.5 to about 4.5.

A non-exclusive list of examples of organic acids which can be used as the proton donating agent are adipic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, maleic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, glycolic acid, glutaric acid, benzoic acid, malonic acid, salicylic acid, gluconic acid, polyacrylic acid, their salts, and mixtures thereof. Especially preferred organic proton donating agents are the group consisting of malic acid, malonic acid, citric acid, succinic acid and lactic acid. A non-exclusive list of examples of mineral acid for use herein are hydrochloric, phosphoric, sulfuric and mixtures thereof.

Salicylic acid has been found to be a more preferred proton donating agent. Antimicrobial wipes comprising salicylic acid provide better antimicrobial efficacy than other proton donating agents. When used, salicylic acid is used in the cleansing compositions herein at a level of from about 0.15% to about 2.0%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 2.0%.

Water

The antimicrobial cleansing compositions of the present invention comprise from about 3% to about 99.85%, preferably from about 5% to about 98%, more preferably from about 10% to about 97.5%, and most preferably from about 38% to about 95.99% water.

Preferable Optional Ingredients

Mildness Enhancers

In order to achieve the mildness required of the present invention, optional ingredients to enhance the mildness to the skin can be added. These ingredients include cationic and nonionic polymers, co-surfactants, moisturizers and mixtures thereof. Polymers useful herein include polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, hydrolyzed silk proteins, hydrolyzed milk proteins, hydrolyzed keratin proteins, guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, polyquats, silicone polymers and mixtures thereof. When used, the mildness enhancing polymers comprise from about 0.1% to about 1%, preferably from about 0.2% to about 1.0%, and more preferably from about 0.2% to about 0.6%, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition, of the composition. Co-surfactants useful herein include nonionic surfactants such as the Genapol® 24 series of ethoxylated alcohols, POE(20) sorbitan monooleate (Tween® 80), polyethylene glycol cocoate and Pluronic® propylene oxide/ethylene oxide block polymers, and amphoteric surfactants such as alkyl betaines, alkyl sultaines, alkyl amphoacetates, alkyl amphodiacetates, alkyl amphopropionates, and alkyl amphodipropionates. When used, the mildness enhancing cosurfactants comprise from about 20% to about 70%, preferably from about 20% to about 50%, by weight of the anionic surfactant, of the cleansing composition.

Another group of mildness enhancers are lipid skin moisturizing agents which provide a moisturizing benefit to the user of the cleansing wipe when the lipophilic skin moisturizing agent is deposited to the user's skin. When used in the antimicrobial compositions herein, lipophilic skin moisturizing agents are used, they are employed at a level of about 0.1% to about 30%, preferably from about 0.2% to about 10%, most preferably from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of the composition.

In some cases, the lipophilic skin moisturizing agent can desirably be defined in terms of its solubility parameter, as defined by Vaughan in Cosmetics and Toiletries, Vol. 103, p. 47-69, October 1988. A lipophilic skin moisturizing agent having a Vaughan solubility Parameter (VSP) from 5 to 10, preferably from 5.5 to 9 is suitable for use in the antimicrobial cleansing compositions herein.

A wide variety of lipid type materials and mixtures of materials are suitable for use in the antimicrobial cleansing compositions of the present invention. Preferably, the lipophilic skin conditioning agent is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon oils and waxes, silicones, fatty acid derivatives, cholesterol, cholesterol derivatives, di- and tri-glycerides, vegetable oils, vegetable oil derivatives, liquid nondigestible oils such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,600,186 to Mattson; Issued Aug. 17, 1971 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,005,195 and 4,005,196 to Jandacek et al; both issued Jan. 25, 1977, all of which are herein incorporated by reference, or blends of liquid digestible or nondigestible oils with solid polyol polyesters such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,797,300 to Jandacek; issued Jan. 10, 1989; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,306,514, 5,306,516 and 5,306,515 to Letton; all issued Apr. 26, 1994, all of which are herein incorporated by reference, and acetoglyceride esters, alkyl esters, alkenyl esters, lanolin and its derivatives, milk tri-glycerides, wax esters, beeswax derivatives, sterols, phospholipids and mixtures thereof. Fatty acids, fatty acid soaps and water soluble polyols are specifically excluded from our definition of a lipophilic skin moisturizing agent.

Hydrocarbon oils and waxes: Some examples are petrolatum, mineral oil micro-crystalline waxes, polyalkenes (e.g. hydrogenated and nonhydrogenated polybutene and polydecene), paraffins, cerasin, ozokerite, polyethylene and perhydrosqualene. Blends of petrolatum and hydrogenated and nonhydrogenated high molecular weight polybutenes wherein the ratio of petrolatum to polybutene ranges from about 90:10 to about 40:60 are also suitable for use as the lipid skin moisturizing agent in the compositions herein.

Silicone Oils: Some examples are dimethicone copolyol, dimethylpolysiloxane, diethylpolysiloxane, high molecular weight dimethicone, mixed C1-C30 alkyl polysiloxane, phenyl dimethicone, dimethiconol, and mixtures thereof. More preferred are non-volatile silicones selected from dimethicone, dimethiconol, mixed C1-C30 alkyl polysiloxane, and mixtures thereof. Nonlimiting examples of silicones useful herein are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,011,681, to Ciotti et al., issued Apr. 30, 1991, which is incorporated by reference.

Di- and tri-glycerides: Some examples are castor oil, soy bean oil, derivatized soybean oils such as maleated soy bean oil, safflower oil, cotton seed oil, corn oil, walnut oil, peanut oil, olive oil, cod liver oil, almond oil, avocado oil, palm oil and sesame oil, vegetable oils and vegetable oil derivatives; coconut oil and derivatized coconut oil, cottonseed oil and derivatized cottonseed oil, jojoba oil, cocoa butter, and the like.

Acetoglyceride esters are used and an example is acetylated monoglycerides.

Lanolin and its derivatives are preferred and some examples are lanolin, lanolin oil, lanolin wax, lanolin alcohols, lanolin fatty acids, isopropyl lanolate, acetylated lanolin, acetylated lanolin alcohols, lanolin alcohol linoleate, lanolin alcohol riconoleate.

It is most preferred when at least 75% of the lipophilic skin conditioning agent is comprised of lipids selected from the group consisting: petrolatum, blends of petrolatum and high molecular weight polybutene, mineral oil, liquid nondigestible oils (e.g. liquid cottonseed sucrose octaesters) or blends of liquid digestible or nondigestible oils with solid polyol polyesters (e.g. sucrose octaesters prepared from C22 fatty acids) wherein the ratio of liquid digestible or nondigestible oil to solid polyol polyester ranges from about 96:4 to about 80:20, hydrogenated or nonhydrogenated polybutene, microcrystalline wax, polyalkene, paraffin, cerasin, ozokerite, polyethylene, perhydrosqualene; dimethicones, alkyl siloxane, polymethylsiloxane, methylphenylpolysiloxane and mixtures thereof. When as blend of petrolatum and other lipids is used, the ratio of petrolatum to the other selected lipids (hydrogenated or unhydrogenated polybutene or polydecene or mineral oil) is preferably from about 10:1 to about 1:2, more preferably from about 5:1 to about 1:1.

Stabilizers

When a lipophilic skin moisturizing agent is employed as the mildness enhancer in the antimicrobial compositions herein, a stabilizer may also be included at a level ranging from about 0.1% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 8%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition.

The stabilizer is used to form a crystalline stabilizing network in the liquid cleansing composition that prevents the lipophilic skin moisturizer agent droplets from coalescing and phase splitting in the product. The network exhibits time dependent recovery of viscosity after shearing (e.g., thixotropy).

The stabilizers used herein are not surfactants. The stabilizers provide improved shelf and stress stability. Some preferred hydroxyl-containing stabilizers include 12-hydroxystearic acid, 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid, tri-9,10-dihydroxystearin and tri-12-hydroxystearin (hydrogenated castor oil is mostly tri-12-hydroxystearin). Tri-12-hydroxystearin is most preferred for use in the compositions herein. When these crystalline, hydroxyl-containing stabilizers are utilized in the cleansing compositions herein, they are typically present at from about 0.1% to 10%, preferably from 0.1% to 8%, more preferably from 0.1% to about 5% of the antimicrobial cleansing compositions. The stabilizer is insoluble in water under ambient to near ambient conditions.

Alternatively, the stabilizer employed in the cleansing compositions herein can comprise a polymeric thickener. When polymeric thickeners as the stabilizer in the cleansing compositions herein, they are typically included in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.3% to about 3%, by weight of the composition. The polymeric thickener is preferably an anionic, nonionic, cationic or hydrophobically modifier polymer selected from the group consisting of cationic polysaccharides of the cationic guar gum class with molecular weights of 1,000 to 3,000,000, anionic, cationic, and nonionic homopolymers derived from acrylic and/or methacrylic acid, anionic, cationic, and nonionic cellulose resins, cationic copolymers of dimethyldialkylammonium chloride, and acrylic acid, cationic homopolymers of dimethylalkylammonium chloride, cationic polyalkylene and ethoxypolyalkylene imines, polyethylene glycol of molecular weight from 100,000 to 4,000,000, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the polymer is selected from the group consisting of sodium polyacrylate, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, cetyl hydroxy ethyl cellulose, and Polyquaternium 10.

Alternatively, the stabilizer employed in the cleansing compositions herein can comprise C10-C22 ethylene glycol fatty acid esters. C10-C22 ethylene glycol fatty acid esters can also desirably be employed in combination with the polymeric thickeners hereinbefore described. The ester is preferably a diester, more preferably a C14-C18 diester, most preferably ethylene glycol distearate. When C10-C22 ethylene glycol fatty acid esters are utilized as the stabilizer in the personal cleansing compositions herein, they are typically present at from about 3% to about 10%, preferably from about 5% to about 8%, more preferably from about 6% to about 8% of the personal cleansing compositions.

Another class of stabilizer which can be employed in the antimicrobial cleansing compositions of the present invention comprises dispersed amorphous silica selected from the group consisting of fumed silica and precipitated silica and mixtures thereof. As used herein the term “dispersed amorphous silica” refers to small, finely divided non-crystalline silica having a mean agglomerate particle size of less than about 100 microns.

Fumed silica, which is also known as arced silica, is produced by the vapor phase hydrolysis of silicon tetrachloride in a hydrogen oxygen flame. It is believed that the combustion process creates silicone dioxide molecules which condense to form particles. The particles collide, attach and sinter together. The result of this process is a three dimensional branched chain aggregate. Once the aggregate cools below the fusion point of silica, which is about 1710° C., further collisions result in mechanical entanglement of the chains to form agglomerates. Precipitated silicas and silica gels are generally made in aqueous solution. See, Cabot Technical Data Pamphlet TD-100 entitled “CAB-O-SIL® Untreated Fumed Silica Properties and Functions”, October 1993, and Cabot Technical Dat Pamphlet TD-104 entitled “CAB-O-SIL® Fumed Silica in Cosmetic and Personal Care Products”, March 1992, both of which are herein incorporated by reference.

The fumed silica preferably has a mean agglomerate particle size ranging from about 0.1 microns to about 100 microns, preferably from about 1 micron to about 50 microns, and more preferably from about 10 microns to about 30 microns. The agglomerates are composed of aggregates which have a mean particle size ranging from about 0.01 microns to about 15 microns, preferably from about 0.05 microns to about 10 microns, more preferably from about 0.1 microns to about 5 microns and most preferably from about 0.2 microns to about 0.3 microns. The silica preferably has a surface area greater than 50 sq. m/gram, more preferably greater than about 130 sq. m./gram, most preferably greater than about 180 sq. m./gram.

When amorphous silicas are used as the stabilizer herein, they are typically included in the cleansing compositions at levels ranging from about 0.1% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.25% to about 8%, more preferably from about 0.5% to about 5%.

A fourth class of stabilizer which can be employed in the antimicrobial cleansing compositions of the present invention comprises dispersed smectite clay selected from the group consisting of bentonite and hectorite and mixtures thereof. Bentonite is a colloidal aluminum clay sulfate. See Merck Index, Eleventh Edition, 1989, entry 1062, p. 164, which is incorporated by reference. Hectorite is a clay containing sodium, magnesium, lithium, silicon, oxygen, hydrogen and flourine. See Merck Index, eleventh Edition, 1989, entry 4538, p. 729, which is herein incorporated by reference.

When smectite clay is employed as the stabilizer in the cleansing compositions of the present invention, it is typically included in amounts ranging from about 0.1% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.25% to about 8%, more preferably from about 0.5% to about 5%.

Other known stabilizers, such as fatty acids and fatty alcohols, can also be employed in the compositions herein. Palmitic acid and lauric acid are especially preferred for use herein.

Other Optional Ingredients

The compositions of the present invention can comprise a wide range of optional ingredients. The CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, Sixth Edition, 1995, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, describes a wide variety of nonlimiting cosmetic and pharmaceutical ingredients commonly used in the skin care industry, which are suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention. Nonlimiting examples of functional classes of ingredients are described at page 537 of this reference. Examples of these functional classes include: abrasives, anti-acne agents, anticaking agents, antioxidants, binders, biological additives, bulking agents, chelating agents, chemical additives, colorants, cosmetic astringents, cosmetic biocides, denaturants, drug astringents, emulsifiers, external analgesics, film formers, fragrance components, humectants, opacifying agents, plasticizers, preservatives, propellants, reducing agents, skin bleaching agents, skin-conditioning agents (emollient, humectants, miscellaneous, and occlusive), skin protectants, solvents, foam boosters, hydrotropes, solubilizing agents, suspending agents (nonsurfactant), sunscreen agents, ultraviolet light absorbers, and viscosity increasing agents (aqueous and nonaqueous). Examples of other functional classes of materials useful herein that are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art include solubilizing agents, sequestrants, and keratolytics, and the like.

C. Preparation of the Absorbent Sheet Impregnated with Antimicrobial Cleansing Composition

Any method suitable for the application of aqueous or aqueous/alcoholic impregnates, including flood coating, spray coating or metered dosing, can be used to impregnate the fibrous webs herein with the antimicrobial cleansing compositions described herein. More specialized techniques, such as Meyer Rod, floating knife or doctor blade, which are typically used to impregnate liquids into absorbent sheets may also be used.

The emulsion should preferably comprise from about 100% to about 400%, preferably from about 200% to about 400% by weight of the absorbent sheet.

After coating, the sheets may be folded into stacks and packaged in any of the moisture and vapor impermeable packages known in the art.

The anti-microbial cleansing compositions of the present invention are made via art recognized techniques for the various forms compositions.

D. Methods of Using the Antimicrobial Wipes

The antimicrobial wipe of the present invention are useful for personal cleansing, reducing germs on the skin, and providing residual effectiveness versus Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria, especially on the hands and face. Typically the wipe is used to apply cleansing compositions to the area to be cleansed. The wipes herein can be used for personal cleansing when the use of cleansing products requiring water cannot be, or are inconvenient. Typical quantities of the present wipes useful for cleansing, range from about 1 to about 4 wipes per use, preferably from about 1 to about 2 wipes per use. Typical amounts of antimicrobial cleansing composition used range from about 4 mg/cm² to about 6 mg/cm², preferably about 5 mg/cm² of skin area to be cleansed.

Analytical Methods

Absorbent Capacity

Substrate samples are placed in a temperature and relative humidity-controlled location for at least 2 hours prior to testing (temperature=73° F.±2° F., relative humidity 50%±2%).

A full size substrate sheet is supported horizontally in a tared filament lined basket and weighed to provide the weight of the dry sheet. The filament lined basket has crossed filaments which serve to support the sheet horizontally. The crossed filaments permit unrestricted movement of water into and out of the substrate sheet.

The substrate sheet, still supported in the basket, is lowered into a distilled water bath having a temperature of 73° F.±2° F. for one minute. The basket is then raised from the bath and the substrate sheet is allowed to drain for I minute. The basket and sheet are then re-weighed to obtain the weight of the water absorbed by the substrate sheet.

The Absorbent Capacity, in grams/gram, is calculated by dividing the weight of the water absorbed by the sheet by the weight of the dry sheet, the Absorbent Capacity is reported as an average of at least 8 measurements.

EXAMPLES

The following examples further describe and demonstrate embodiments within the scope of the present invention. In the following examples, all ingredients are listed at an active level. The examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention, as many variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Ingredients are identified by chemical or CTFA name.

Fifteen antimicrobial cleansing compositions are prepared according to the tables below.

Antimicrobial Cleansing Compositions Component Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Ex. 5 Mineral oil 1.00% 1.00% 1.00% 1.00% 0.00% Propylene glycol 1.00% 1.00% 1.00% 1.00% 1.00% Ammonium Lauryl 0.60% 0.60% 0.60% 0.60% 0.60% Sulfate Citric Acid 4.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Sodium Citrate 3.30% 0.00% 2.00% 0.00% 0.00% Succinic Acid 0.00% 4.00% 0.00% 0.00% 4.00% Sodium Succinate 0.00% 3.30% 0.00% 0.00% 3.20% Malic Acid 0.00% 0.00% 2.50% 0.00% 0.00% Malonic Acid 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 4.00% 0.00% Sodium Malonate 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3.20% 0.00% Steareth 20 0.55% 0.55% 0.55% 0.55% 0.00% Steareth 2 0.45% 0.45% 0.45% 0.45% 0.00% Triclosan 0.15% 0.15% 0.15% 0.15% 0.15% Miscellaneous 0.36% 0.36% 0.36% 0.36% 0.36% Water q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. pH 4.0 4.5 3.9 3.9 3.9 Component Ex. 6 Ex. 7 Ex. 8 Ex. 9 Ex. 10 Mineral oil 0.00% 0.00% 1.00% 1.00% 1.00% Propylene glycol 1.00% 1.00% 1.00% 1.00% 1.00% Ammonium Lauryl 0.60% 0.60% 0.60% 0.60% 1.00% Sulfate Citric Acid 0.00% 0.00% 2.50% 2.50% 4.00% Sodium Citrate 0.00% 3.70% 2.00% 2.00% 3.20% Succinic Acid 4.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Sodium Succinate 3.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Malic Acid 0.00% 4.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Steareth 20 0.55% 0.00% 0.55% 0.08% 0.28% Steareth 2 0.45% 0.00% 0.45% 0.07% 0.23% Oleth 20 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.08% 0.28% Oleth 2 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.07% 0.23% Triclosan 0.00% 0.50% 0.50% 0.15% 0.25% Thymol 1.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Miscellaneous 0.36% 0.36% 0.36% 0.36% 0.36% Water q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. pH 3.2 5.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 Component Ex. 11 Ex. 12 Ex. 13 Ex. 14 Ex. 15 Mineral oil 1.00% 1.00% 1.00% 1.00% 1.00% Propylene glycol 1.00% 1.00% 1.00% 1.00% 1.00% Ammonium Lauryl 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.60% Sulfate Ammonium Laureth 0.00% 5.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Sulfate Hostapur SAS 60 (SPS) 1.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% C₁₄-C₁₆ Sodium Alpha 0.00% 0.00% 2.00% 0.00% 0.00% Olefin Sulfonate Sodium Lauroyl 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.00% 0.00% Sarcosinate Citric Acid 0.055% 7.50% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Sodium Citrate 0.00% 4.00% 2.00% 0.00% 0.00% Succinic Acid 4.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Sodium Succinate 0.67% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Malic Acid 0.00% 0.00% 2.50% 0.00% 0.00% Malonic Acid 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 4.00% 0.00% Sodium Malonate 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3.20% 0.00% Salicylic Acid 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.50% Steareth 20 0.55% 0.55% 0.55% 0.55% 0.55% Steareth 2 0.45% 0.45% 0.45% 0.45% 0.45% Triclosan 0.15% 3.00% 0.15% 0.01% 0.15% Cocamidopropyl Betaine 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 4.00% 0.00% Polyquat 10 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.40% 0.00% Miscellaneous 0.36% 0.36% 0.36% 0.36% 0.36% Water q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. pH 3-6 3-6 3-6 3-6 3-6

Procedure for Making Antimicrobial Cleansing Composition Examples

When mineral oil is used, premix mineral oil, propylene glycol, active, steareth 2 and 20, oleth 2 and 20, and 50%, by weight of the oil, glycol, active, steareth and oleth materials, water to a premix vessel. Heat to 165° F.±10° F. Add additional 50%, by weight of the oil, glycol, active, steareth and oleth materials, of water to the premix tank.

Add all but 5 weight percent of remaining water to second mix tank. If required, add premix to the mix tank. Add surfactants to mix tank. Heat materials to 155° F.±10° F. and mix until dissolved. Cool to less than 100° F., add acid and antibacterial active, if not in premix, and perfumes. Mix until materials are dissolved. Adjust pH to target with required buffer (NaOH or buffer salt). Add remaining water to complete product.

Procedure for Making Antimicrobial Wipe Examples Compositions 1-15 are impregnated onto absorbent sheets as follows:

Composition 1-15 are impregnated onto a wet and air laid woven absorbent sheet comprised of 85% cellulose and 15% polyester at 260% by weight of the absorbent sheet by pouring the composition onto the sheet via a cup.

Composition 1-15 are impregnated onto a wet and air laid woven absorbent sheet comprised of 100% cellulose at 260% by weight of the sheet by pouring the composition onto the sheet via a cup.

Compositions 1-15 are impregnated onto separate wet and air laid nonwoven absorbent sheets comprised of 50% cellulose and 50% polyester at 260% by weight of the sheet by pouring the compositions onto the sheets via a cup. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An antimicrobial wipe comprising a porous or absorbent sheet impregnated with an antimicrobial cleansing composition, wherein the antimicrobial cleansing composition comprises: a. from about 0.001% to about 5.0%, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition, of an antimicrobial active; b. from about 0.05% to about 10%, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition, of an anionic surfactant; c. from about 0.1% to about 10%, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition, of a proton donating agent; and d. from about 3% to about 99.85%, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition, water; wherein the antimicrobial cleansing composition is adjusted to a pH of from about 3.0 to about 6.0.
 2. An antimicrobial wipe according to claim 1 wherein the antimicrobial active is selected from the group consisting of triclosan, triclocarban, piroctone olamine, PCMX, ZPT, natural essential oils and their key ingredients, and mixtures thereof.
 3. An antimicrobial wipe according to claim 2 wherein the proton donating agent is an organic acid having a Buffering Capacity of greater than about 0.005.
 4. An antimicrobial wipe according to claim 3 wherein the anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium and ammonium alkyl sulfates and ether sulfates having chain lengths of predominantly 12 and 14 carbon atoms, olefin sulfates having chain lengths of predominantly 14 and 16 carbon atoms, and paraffin sulfonates having an average chain length of from 13 to 17 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof.
 5. An antimicrobial wipe according to claim 4 wherein the proton donating agent is selected from the group comprising adipic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, maleic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, glycolic acid, glutaric acid, benzoic acid, malonic acid, salicylic acid, gluconic acid, polyacrylic acid, their salts, and mixtures thereof.
 6. An antimicrobial wipe according to claim 5 wherein the ratio of the amount of non-anionic surfactants to the amount of anionic surfactant in the antibacterial cleansing composition is less than 1:1.
 7. An antimicrobial wipe according to claim 6 wherein the antimicrobial active is present at a level ranging from about 0.05% to about 2%, the anionic surfactant is present at a level of from about 0.1% to about 4%, and the proton donating agent is present at a level of from about 0.5% to about 8%, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition.
 8. An antimicrobial wipe according to claim 7 wherein the antimicrobial cleansing composition is adjusted to a pH of from about 3.5 to about 5.0.
 9. An antimicrobial wipe according to claim 8 wherein the antimicrobial active is present at a level ranging from about 0.1% to about 1%, the anionic surfactant is present at a level of from about 0.2% to about 1%, and the proton donating agent is present at a level of from about 1% to about 4%, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition.
 10. An antimicrobial wipe according to claim 9 wherein the pH is adjusted to from about 3.5 to about 4.5.
 11. An antimicrobial wipe according to claim 10 wherein the antimicrobial active is Triclosan.
 12. An antimicrobial wipe according to claim 11 wherein the proton donating agent is selected from the group consisting of malic acid, malonic acid, citric acid, succinic acid and lactic acid.
 13. An antimicrobial wipe according to claim 12 wherein the anionic surfactant is ammonium lauryl sulfate.
 14. An antimicrobial wipe according to claim 1 wherein the antimicrobial cleansing composition further comprises a mildness enhancing agent.
 15. An antimicrobial wipe according to claim 14 wherein the mildness enhancing agent is selected from the group consisting of from about 0.1% to about 1.0%, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition, of a mildness enhancing polymer, from about 20% to about 70%, by weight of the anionic surfactant, of a mildness enhancing co-surfactant, and mixtures thereof.
 16. An antimicrobial wipe according to claim 14 wherein the mildness enhancing agent is from about 0.1% to about 30%, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition, of a lipophilic skin moisturizing agent.
 17. An antimicrobial wipe according to claim 1 wherein the antimicrobial cleansing composition further comprises from about 0.1% to about 10%, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition, of acidic surfactant.
 18. An antimicrobial wipe according to claim 1 wherein the antimicrobial cleansing composition comprises from about 0.15% to about 2%, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition, of salicylic acid proton donating agent.
 19. A method for providing residual effectiveness against transient Gram negative bacteria, improved residual effectiveness against Gram positive bacteria and improved immediate reduction of germs on human skin comprising contacting the skin with the antimicrobial wipe of claim 1 to apply a safe and effective amount of the antimicrobial cleansing composition on the skin.
 20. A method for providing residual effectiveness against transient Gram negative bacteria, improved residual effectiveness against Gram positive bacteria and improved immediate reduction of germs on human skin comprising contacting the skin with the antimicrobial wipe of claim 7 to apply a safe and effective amount of the antimicrobial cleansing composition on the skin.
 21. A method for providing residual effectiveness against transient Gram negative bacteria, improved residual effectiveness against Gram positive bacteria and improved immediate reduction of germs on human skin comprising contacting the skin with the antimicrobial wipe of claim 13 to apply a safe and effective amount of the antimicrobial cleansing composition on the skin.
 22. A method for providing residual effectiveness against transient Gram negative bacteria, improved residual effectiveness against Gram positive bacteria and improved immediate reduction of germs on human skin comprising contacting the skin with the antimicrobial wipe of claim 16 to apply a safe and effective amount of the antimicrobial cleansing composition on the skin.
 23. A method for providing residual effectiveness against transient Gram negative bacteria, improved residual effectiveness against Gram positive bacteria and improved immediate reduction of germs on human skin comprising contacting the skin with the antimicrobial wipe of claim 17 to apply a safe and effective amount of the antimicrobial cleansing composition on the skin.
 24. A method for providing residual effectiveness against transient Gram negative bacteria, improved residual effectiveness against Gram positive bacteria and improved immediate reduction of germs on human skin comprising contacting the skin with the antimicrobial wipe of claim 18 a safe and effective amount of the antimicrobial cleansing composition on the skin.
 25. A method for treating acne comprising contacting the skin with the antimicrobial wipe of claim 1 to apply a safe and effective amount of the antimicrobial cleansing composition on the skin.
 26. An antimicrobial wipe according to claim 1, wherein the antimicrobial cleansing composition comprises from about 0.1% to about 4%, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition, of the anionic surfactant.
 27. An antimicrobial wipe according to claim 1, wherein the antimicrobial cleansing composition comprises from about 0.2% to about 1%, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition, of the anionic surfactant.
 28. An antimicrobial wipe according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the amount of non-anionic surfactant to the amount of anionic surfactant in the antibacterial cleansing composition is less than 1:1.
 29. An antimicrobial wipe according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the amount of non-anionic surfactant to the amount of anionic surfactant in the antibacterial cleansing composition is less than 1:2.
 30. An antimicrobial wipe according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the amount of non-anionic surfactant to the amount of anionic surfactant in the antibacterial cleansing composition is less than 1:4. 